# Glyteine: The Fastest Way To Boost Your Glutathione Levels > Explore benefits of Glyteine, your body’s own natural & immediate precursor to glutathione, the master antioxidant, the fastest way to boost cellular glutathione --- ## Pages - [Buy Now](https://www.glyteine.com/buy-now/): Continual-G® is a new product line of dietary supplements that contain Glyteine® as the dietary ingredient. The Continual-G® Drink Mix... - [Glutathione & Cancer](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-and-cancer/): Cancer is an incredibly complex disease. Almost any type of cell in the body has the potential to become cancerous... - [Glutathione & Sports Nutrition](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-sports-nutrition/): Exercise plays an important part in keeping us healthy. But it is not without its pitfalls. As exercise intensity increases,... - [Glutathione & The Digestive System](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-and-the-digestive-system/): The extensive surface area of our digestive system enables us to extract all of the essential nutrients from our diet.... - [Free radicals, antioxidants, oxidative stress & oxidative damage](https://www.glyteine.com/free-radicals-antioxidants-oxidative-stress-and-oxidative-damage/): It’s well known that our risk of developing persistent health issues increases as we age. The reasons behind this are... - [Inflammation](https://www.glyteine.com/inflammation/): Inflammation is the body’s immune response to injury or infection. It is an important component of innate immunity. Inflammation can... - [Other antioxidants - Polyphenols, Flavanols](https://www.glyteine.com/other-antioxidants-polyphenols-flavanols/): The evidence for their clinical efficacy as essential compounds is still preliminary at best and limited but suggestive. Flavonoids are... - [What is Glyteine?](https://www.glyteine.com/what-is-glyteine/): Glyteine is a proprietary form of the dipeptide gamma-glutamylcysteine, which is the immediate precursor to the tripeptide, glutathione. Importance of... - [What is the relationship between Glyteine and Glutathione](https://www.glyteine.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-glyteine-and-glutathione/): Glutathione is made up of three amino acids: Glutamate, Cysteine and Glycine. It is produced in every cell and is... - [What is the difference between Glyteine and glutathione supplements](https://www.glyteine.com/what-is-the-difference-between-glyteine-and-glutathione-supplements/): Glyteine (gamma-glutamylcysteine) is the immediate precursor to glutathione. During ageing and in many chronic conditions, cells in our body lose... - [What is homeostasis?](https://www.glyteine.com/what-is-homeostasis/): Homeostasis refers to an ideal regulated value or level. In the case of glutathione, our cell’s objective is to maintain... - [Can glutathione supplements increase cellular glutathione?](https://www.glyteine.com/can-glutathione-supplements-increase-cellular-glutathione/): Glutathione is exclusively made inside cells and is produced in two steps: The first makes Glyteine from the amino acids... - [Glyteine's ability to increase cellular glutathione](https://www.glyteine.com/glyteines-ability-to-increase-cellular-glutathione/): Glyteine is a naturally occurring dipeptide found in all mammalian life and is a key intermediate in the gamma (γ)... - [Can N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplements increase cellular glutathione?](https://www.glyteine.com/can-n-acetylcysteine-nac-supplements-increase-cellular-glutathione/): Unfortunately, there are many claims on how to enhance cellular glutathione effectively. One of the most common claims is that... - [Acute & chronic diseases - key differences in glutathione depletion](https://www.glyteine.com/acute-chronic-diseases-key-differences-in-glutathione-depletion/): Acute diseases generally develop quickly and usually only last for a few days or weeks. A good example of this... - [Importance of glutathione](https://www.glyteine.com/importance-of-glutathione/): Glutathione (GSH) is often termed the “master antioxidant”. This tripeptide is ubiquitous in nature and is produced by every organism... - [Glutathione Depletion](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-depletion/): The body’s mechanism for dealing with oxidative stress becomes less efficient as we get older. This decline in function is... - [Glutathione Biochemistry](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-biochemistry/): Glutathione (GSH) is synthesized in the cytoplasm in virtually all cells from its constituent amino acids by two sequential ATP-requiring... - [Glutathione & Immunity](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-and-immunity/): A growing body of research has demonstrated that glutathione is a key player in the immune system and the pathology... - [Glutathione & Toxicology](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-toxicology/): Glutathione plays an essential part in neutralizing free radicals and other reactive oxygen species such as peroxide. It is therefore,... - [Glutathione & Neurology](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-neurology/): As our lifespan increases, we become more susceptible to persistent health issues. Especially those brought on by oxidative stress, like... - [Glutathione & Pulmonary diseases](https://www.glyteine.com/glutathione-pulmonary-diseases/): The extensive surface area and blood supply in our lungs enables them to provide our bodies with sufficient oxygen for... - [Home](https://www.glyteine.com/): [vc_row_inner... - [Blog](https://www.glyteine.com/blog/) - [Contact](https://www.glyteine.com/contact/) --- # # Detailed Content ## Pages Continual-G® is a new product line of dietary supplements that contain Glyteine® as the dietary ingredient. The Continual-G® Drink Mix when dissolved in a glass of water provides a refreshing beverage option for including Glyteine® in your daily diet. Glyteine® is taken up by the cells in your body where it is rapidly converted into glutathione with a single dose! Testimonials Keeping pain controlled I have chronic pancreatitis. With Continual-G I seem to have less issues ... Even told my Doctor about it. - Verena D. To experience the benefits of Continual-G®, place your order today through : --- Cancer is an incredibly complex disease. Almost any type of cell in the body has the potential to become cancerous and modern medicine has made great strides in treating cancer. However, like with any disease, prevention is better than a cure. Mutation in a cell’s DNA, usually in multiple locations, is the primary cause of cells becoming cancerous. Commonly known as carcinogens, or mutagens in technical terms, they include free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), certain chemicals and radiation. Examples include ionizing radiation such as UV light or X-rays, and chemicals such as alkylating agents (e. g. nitrosamines and benzene, which becomes alkylating following its oxidation in the liver to form hydroxyquinone). Many mutagens occur naturally, but more and more, industrial pollution and the rise of ultra-processed foods, allow an ever-increasing amount of them to enter our daily lives through the food chain or just the environment we live in. Glutathione has been shown to be the most important ally in your cells’ defence against mutagens. Maintaining an optimal level of glutathione in your cells is therefore critical for the prevention of cancer . Mechanistic information has been published on how glutathione deactivates mutagens through the activity of various glutathione dependent enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase . The nature of how impaired glutamate cysteine ligase, the enzyme that naturally produces Glyteine, can make cells more susceptible to mutagens due to lower glutathione has been well studied. The use of antioxidants such as glutathione during chemotherapy or radiation... --- Exercise plays an important part in keeping us healthy. But it is not without its pitfalls. As exercise intensity increases, our rate of respiration also increases and, in turn, so does the production of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can lead to what is commonly referred to as oxidative stress which can damage our cells and tissues. Ordinarily, the glutathione produced in our cells is a very effective ROS scavenger, neutralizing free radicals, such as the highly toxic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide before they can cause havoc. But during high intensity or endurance exercise, our cells may not have the capacity to keep up with the demand for glutathione. This results in a glutathione deficit where our body is unable to neutralize all of the ROS being produced. Sport scientists have long advocated the use of antioxidants to combat exercise related oxidative stress . Glutathione, being the ‘Master Antioxidant’ is the obvious choice. Not only does it have a profound effect on neutralizing ROS, but it also recycles Vitamin C which is also another important player in the recovery phase. Many sports supplements, however, only address the issue of protein/energy deficit and electrolyte loss during the recovery period, but this is only part of the problem. Whilst protein and electrolytes are easily and rapidly replenished, until now, restoring our glutathione levels quickly was not something that could be achieved easily. Prior to the availability of Glyteine, it took many months of tedious supplementation before even a small... --- The extensive surface area of our digestive system enables us to extract all of the essential nutrients from our diet. The intestinal tract, with its extensive blood supply, has a remarkable ability to renew the epithelial cell lining every 4-5 days . This rapid turnover of cells makes our digestive system particularly susceptible to injury due to the relatively high concentration of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are produced by our normal metabolism. Beyond this, toxins in the food we eat can cause further injury. Nitrosamines from processed meat and other heavy metals such as mercury are just a few examples of toxins we may ingest . Our digestive system has evolved a complex biochemistry to counter these adverse conditions and glutathione is of major importance in this defense mechanism. The mucosal lining of the intestinal tract is rich in glutathione and it has been suggested that it plays a vital role in gut barrier function. However, as we age, or with the progression of persistent health issues, glutathione levels may be less than optimal for maintaining good health. Many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have been associated with glutathione deficiency. These include inflammatory bowel disease , ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease and Celiac disease . An exaggerated inflammatory response is also implicated during the development of many gastrointestinal diseases and this is further exacerbated by depleted glutathione levels. Many GI disease researchers have suggested that increasing glutathione levels could be particularly useful. However, only NAC and glutathione itself have... --- It’s well known that our risk of developing persistent health issues increases as we age. The reasons behind this are incredibly complex, but one of the most widely accepted explanations is called the “free radical theory of aging”. First conceived in 1956, it is one of the most thoroughly researched theories known and, although not fully proven, it is the best theory so far. It is supported by conclusive evidence that oxidative stress is intimately involved in aging. Free radicals are uncharged molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons in their outermost valence shell. They are unstable and highly reactive which can react deleteriously with important molecules of the living cell. Free radicals are by-products of chemical processes such as oxidation and all oxidation processes occur via a free radical mechanism. The body’s ability to release energy from the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe occurs by a process called oxidative phosphorylation. This happens in the mitochondria inside our cells, which are the powerhouses that drive our metabolism and bodily functions. A small amount of free radicals are essential for our cellular function and are utilized by our immune system to fight off infections. However, they need to be kept to a low level, otherwise they will damage our own cells by causing oxidative stress. During oxidative stress, the free radicals run unchecked damaging all cellular components including nucleic acids (e. g. DNA), proteins and lipids. It is for this reason that every cell must have its own supply... --- Inflammation is the body’s immune response to injury or infection. It is an important component of innate immunity. Inflammation can be diagnosed as acute or chronic. Acute inflammation serves to protect and heal the body following physical injury and infection from disease causing bacteria, viruses and parasites and is a lifesaver. Most times the physical injury heals or the invading entity is destroyed, inflammation subsides and healing begins. The destruction of bacteria, viruses and parasites is accomplished via free radicals. Chronic inflammation results if excess free radicals remain after the healing process is complete , which signals that the immune system has not fully shut down its response to injury or infection. Chronic inflammation can last indefinitely and can result in numerous medical conditions. Over many decades of extensive research, glutathione has been found to be crucial in regulating inflammation . It does so very effectively by destroying free radicals, produced by our immune system in response to threats. In turn, this protects us from the insidious and often destructive effects of oxidative stress. But how is oxidative stress related to the immune system? The core mediators of the immune system, the lymphocytes, perform their bacterial, viral and cancer cell killing function by generating large amounts of free radicals, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These species are highly toxic, not only to the invaders, but also to our cells and tissues. They effectively destroy foreign intruders by inducing large amounts of oxidative stress, but, if not kept in check, they... --- The evidence for their clinical efficacy as essential compounds is still preliminary at best and limited but suggestive. Flavonoids are not just antioxidants, since under certain reaction conditions they can also display prooxidant activity... ... ... ... . --- Glyteine is a proprietary form of the dipeptide gamma-glutamylcysteine, which is the immediate precursor to the tripeptide, glutathione. Importance of Glyteine As the immediate precursor to glutathione, Glyteine is the only nutrient with proven clinical bioavailability to take glutathione well beyond homeostasis within hours of taking a single dose . Glyteine is essential to mammalian life. Mice that have been genetically engineered to not produce glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is the enzyme responsible for forming cellular Glyteine, do not develop beyond the embryo stage and die before birth . This is because Glyteine is vital for the biosynthesis of glutathione. Since the production of cellular Glyteine in humans slows down with age, it has been postulated that supplementation with Glyteine could offer health benefits. Other benefits of Glyteine supplementation may extend to situations where glutathione has been acutely lowered below optimum. These include strenuous exercise, during trauma, episodes of poisoning, exposure to toxins or other events that result in oxidative stress. Several review articles have been published regarding the potential benefits of Glyteine to replenish glutathione in age-related and chronic diseases. Glyteine is also a powerful antioxidant in its own right . A human clinical study in healthy, non-fasting adults demonstrated that orally administered Glyteine can significantly increase lymphocyte glutathione levels above basal levels, indicating systemic bioavailability, suggesting it may have therapeutic value in addressing glutathione related conditions . Animal model studies with Glyteine have confirmed its beneficial role in both the reduction of oxidant stress-induced damage in tissues, including... --- Glutathione is made up of three amino acids: Glutamate, Cysteine and Glycine. It is produced in every cell and is synthesized by two enzymes. The first enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), joins the amino acids glutamate and cysteine together to form gamma-glutamylcysteine (Glyteine). The second enzyme, glutathione synthase (GS), adds the amino acid glycine to Glyteine to form glutathione. Though Glyteine is produced continuously in every cell of the body, almost all of it is immediately converted to glutathione. The Glyteine concentration in cells at any given time is therefore negligible. --- Glyteine (gamma-glutamylcysteine) is the immediate precursor to glutathione. During ageing and in many chronic conditions, cells in our body lose the capacity to make enough Glyteine to maintain sufficient levels of cellular glutathione to fight off oxidative stress. Glyteine synthesis inside every cell is catalysed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and it is the unhealthy and permanent changes to this enzyme that result in insufficient Glyteine being produced. Oral and injected glutathione supplements cannot overcome this deficiency within cells. Once entered into the blood stream, glutathione by itself cannot enter cells. It must be first broken down into its three amino acid components, glutamate, cysteine and glycine (for more detailed information, check Can glutathione supplements increase cellular glutathione? ). The three amino acids released by the breakdown of glutathione outside the cell can be transported into cells. The glutamate and cysteine can then feed into the GCL enzyme, however, in many cases, the enzyme is not functioning optimally or is damaged in some way, so it cannot increase the amount of Glyteine available for glutathione synthesis. On the other hand, Glyteine, given as an oral supplement, can enter cells intact and, once inside, is converted to glutathione by the second synthesis enzyme, glutathione synthase. This provides Glyteine with the capacity to increase cellular glutathione levels above homeostasis. This may provide some transient relief to oxidative stress that may help cells affected by a damaged GCL recover and regain their healthy physiological function. --- Homeostasis refers to an ideal regulated value or level. In the case of glutathione, our cell’s objective is to maintain glutathione at this optimal level at all times. As efficient as our cells are in doing so, our glutathione levels can still drop below optimal. This is because, as we age or with ill health, the homeostatic level decreases. In other words, our glutathione requirements remain the same, but the cells stop producing it in the quantities needed because homeostasis has been reached, but it is now too low to protect oxidative stress Picture another fundamental homeostatic level that is tightly controlled: Our body temperature. Fortunately, this normal level, around 98. 6°F or 36. 8°C, is constant throughout our lives. It never changes. The normal level of glutathione, as set by our cells, however, does change. It decreases with age or ill health even though we need the same amount of glutathione throughout our lives. It is akin to our body temperature slowly dropping as we age to levels which are not sustainable. It is therefore essential for health and longevity that we increase glutathione above this decreasing homeostatic level. --- Glutathione is exclusively made inside cells and is produced in two steps: The first makes Glyteine from the amino acids glutamate and cysteine The second adds glycine to the Glyteine to make glutathione. During aging and in many chronic illnesses, our cells lose the capacity to make enough Glyteine, which means cells do not produce sufficient glutathione to protect against oxidative stress . Supplementation with glutathione will not increase cellular glutathione for one simple reason. In the tissues of the body, there are two very different environments. One is the fluid inside cells (intracellular, about 70% of the total fluids) and the other is the fluid outside cells (extracellular, about 30% of total fluids). The intracellular environment, which is bound by cellular membranes, is where most of the essential reactions such as protein synthesis and energy production occur. Many of these reactions generate free radicals that can, if not controlled (neutralized), cause damage inside the body in the form of oxidative stress. To counter this, cellular glutathione levels must be maintained at an optimal concentration (homeostasis) and in a tightly controlled manner. The extracellular environment, such as blood plasma, allows the transportation of nutrients to the cells and removal of waste products which in turn are processed in the liver and kidneys. The glutathione concentration found in this extracellular environment (micromolar) is lower than that found intracellularly (millimolar) by about a thousand-fold. This large concentration difference means that there is an insurmountable concentration gradient that prevents extracellular glutathione from entering... --- Glyteine is a naturally occurring dipeptide found in all mammalian life and is a key intermediate in the gamma (γ) -glutamyl cycle first described by Meister in the 1970s . It is the most immediate precursor to the essential antioxidant glutathione . Supplementation with glutathione is incapable of increasing cellular glutathione since the glutathione concentration found in the extracellular environment is much lower than that found intracellularly by about a thousand-fold. This large difference means that there is an insurmountable concentration gradient that prevents extracellular glutathione entering cells, and it is inside the cell where glutathione performs the overwhelming majority of its essential functions. Glyteine is not subject to such a concentration gradient as it occurs in human plasma in the range of 1 – 5 µM and is almost undetectable intracellularly. The intracellular concentration of Glyteine is generally low, allowing it to diffuse into the cell. Once inside the cell, Glyteine is rapidly enzymatically bound to glycine to form glutathione. This second and final reaction step in glutathione biosynthesis is catalyzed by the activity of the ATP dependent glutathione synthase (GS) enzyme. Although currently unproven, Glyteine may actually be the pathway intermediate of glutathione transportation in multicellular organisms . That is, Glytiene could be a type of glutathione “currency” that is transported between cells to increase intracellular glutathione rapidly when needed. A human clinical study in healthy, non-fasting adults demonstrated that orally administered Glyteine could significantly increase lymphocyte glutathione levels indicating systemic bioavailability, validating its therapeutic potential . Glyteine... --- Unfortunately, there are many claims on how to enhance cellular glutathione effectively. One of the most common claims is that the amino acid cysteine is in limited supply in the body. We are aware that cysteine is one of the three building blocks that make up glutathione, but is there any evidence to suggest that we may be low on cysteine? And, regardless, would taking cysteine be effective in increasing cellular glutathione? On initial observation, the principle behind the theory of cysteine deficiency being a cause of low glutathione appears reasonably sound, but it is not that simple. The first question is relatively easy to answer. The fact is that our diet usually contains plenty of cysteine and the other sulphur-containing amino acid methionine, which is readily converted into cysteine in the liver . For example, the typical American diet supplies much more than the recommended required quantity of cysteine . We can, therefore, rule out a cysteine deficiency. But would taking a cysteine or cysteine supplement such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) increase our cellular glutathione? Cysteine, unlike most other amino acids, is extremely unstable and rapidly autoxidizes to cystine which is the oxidized disulphide form. It has exceedingly low solubility, and it is not absorbed from the GI tract. Additionally, this cysteine autoxidation reaction, catalyzed by transition metal ions, generates oxygen free radicals and hydrogen peroxide. In high concentrations, this may result in cellular toxicity and has the potential to be neurotoxic . Our cells have adapted to this potential... --- Acute diseases generally develop quickly and usually only last for a few days or weeks. A good example of this is the common cold, where the symptoms appear and disappear relatively quickly with no long-lasting health problems. An example of this in relation to glutathione depletion is in acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, where the acute poisoning causes a severe and dramatic loss of cellular glutathione, especially in the liver. If not treated rapidly with NAC, liver failure and death can occur. Chronic Diseases These generally develop slowly and can be difficult to diagnose in the early stages. They often worsen over a longer period of time, months, years or a whole lifetime. They are often caused by unhealthy lifestyles (including smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise and poor nutrition), but genetic factors also play a significant role. Unlike most acute conditions, chronic diseases cannot be cured easily. Some good examples of these are Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Many studies have shown that glutathione levels are depleted and progressively decrease during the progress of these chronic conditions. --- Glutathione (GSH) is often termed the “master antioxidant”. This tripeptide is ubiquitous in nature and is produced by every organism from bacteria to plants to animals that derives energy from oxidative phosphorylation and respiration. Glutathione is synthesized in the cytosol of each cell by the action of two enzymes in an elegantly regulated system that allows it to be maintained at different homeostatic levels in different tissue types, with the liver, given its detoxification role, having the highest amounts. Glutathione plays a pivotal role in most key physiological functions, including but not limited to maintenance of cellular redox, neutralising free radicals, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, apoptosis, xenobiotic metabolism, and the recycling of other cellular antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E. Glutathione depletion and a corresponding increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) during microbial infection is a key driver of the immune response and inflammation. Many illnesses are related to oxidative stress arising from the affected tissue losing the capacity to maintain glutathione at adequate levels (dysfunctional homeostasis). The severity of many poisonings from drugs, alcohol, heavy metals and environmental toxins are related to an acute depletion of cellular glutathione. Progressive depletion of cellular glutathione can also be used as a mechanism by some viruses to control their replication cycle. --- The body’s mechanism for dealing with oxidative stress becomes less efficient as we get older. This decline in function is associated with the impairment of the first enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase or GCL). This is a highly regulated enzyme that is feedback inhibited by glutathione. Its level of expression is also controlled on several levels. As is to be expected, the more complex the system, the higher risk and likelihood of developing errors. A dysfunctional GCL will result in insufficient Glyteine being produced for the glutathione synthase enzyme to convert into glutathione. The resulting suboptimal homeostasis of glutathione results in a decreased capacity to minimize oxidative stress, which is associated with poor outcomes during aging, inflammation and in numerous medical conditions. --- Glutathione (GSH) is synthesized in the cytoplasm in virtually all cells from its constituent amino acids by two sequential ATP-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions (see figure below) . :The first reaction is rate-limiting and is catalysed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL, EC 6. 3. 2. 2; formerly known as γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase). GCL is composed of a heavy catalytic subunit (GCLC, Mwt ~ 73,000) and a light modifier (GCLM, Mwt ~ 30,000) subunit. GCL is the key control point for the homeostasis of cellular GSH and is regulated at multiple levels. Its regulation both at a genetic level (both transcriptional and translational) and a biochemical level (post-translational) is incredibly complex. As to be expected with any such complex regulation, the likelihood of errors that result in the impairment of function are increased. The cause and effect of errors in the control mechanisms of GCL are slowly being unravelled by researchers and is the subject of several excellent reviews . A dysfunctional GCL will result in insufficient γ-glutamylcysteine (Glyteine) being produced for the glutathione synthase enzyme to convert into GSH. The resulting suboptimal homeostasis of GSH results in a decreased capacity to minimize oxidative stress, which is associated with poor outcomes during ageing and in multiple disease states. This is the theoretical basis for endogenously supplied gamma-glutamylcysteine’s ability to raise GSH levels, as being the product of the GCL enzyme, it can be taken up by cells intact, where it feeds directly into glutathione synthase to be converted to glutathione, effectively bypassing the dysfunctional... --- A growing body of research has demonstrated that glutathione is a key player in the immune system and the pathology of infection, inflammation and immune-mediated disease . The role of free radicals that are generated during the inflammatory response mediated by lymphocytes (white blood cells) and the resulting oxidative stress has been revealed in more detail . The antioxidant defense systems in the aged and those suffering from persistent health issues especially those associated with inflammatory or autoimmune disease has been demonstrated to be weakened . As the first line antioxidant, the maintenance of a healthy homeostatic level of cellular glutathione is critical in keeping the immune system running optimally. The major reason as to why maintaining a healthy cellular glutathione level is so critical for the immune system is related to the fact that lymphocytes perform their bacterial, viral and cancer cell killing functions by generating large amounts of free radicals including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These free radicals are highly toxic and an exquisite fine control is needed to regulate their production and distribution. . Any overproduction of these free radicals can be neutralised by glutathione. However, the pace of oxidant generation can often outstrip the cellular production of glutathione which leads to a cascade of oxidative stress, inflammation and tissue damage. References Droge, W. and R. Breitkreutz, Glutathione and immune function. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2000. 59(4): p. 595-600. Perricone, C. , C. De Carolis, and R. Perricone, Glutathione: A key player in autoimmunity. Autoimmunity Reviews,... --- Glutathione plays an essential part in neutralizing free radicals and other reactive oxygen species such as peroxide. It is therefore, justifiably, referred to as the “Master Antioxidant”. Glutathione also plays an important role in the detoxification of several other categories of potentially toxic compounds our bodies must deal with constantly. These include: Endogenous reactive metabolites such as products arising from oxidative metabolism of lipids, nucleic acids and catecholamines Xenobiotics which are not normally found in the body and can include naturally occurring compounds or they can be man made in origin such as drugs or environmental pollutants Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic The chemical reactivity of many of these compounds cause interference with the normal biological processes and hence they are toxic. If left unchecked, these toxins can result in tissue damage or even become carcinogenic. Glutathione’s role is to deactivate these reactive species through the activity of an enzyme called glutathione-S-transferase . The “S” refers to the unique and highly reactive sulfur on the glutathione molecule which chemically combines with the toxin to form a glutathione conjugate. This resulting conjugate is generally much more water soluble and is easily removed through excretion in the urine or further metabolized in the liver to other less toxic compounds. The liver is the main detoxification organ and has evolved a complex biochemistry to counter most adverse conditions. Glutathione is the secret weapon in this defense mechanism and therefore is in much higher concentrations in the liver than any... --- As our lifespan increases, we become more susceptible to persistent health issues. Especially those brought on by oxidative stress, like neurodegenerative diseases which insidiously affect our brain and cognition. A compromised glutathione system in the brain has a strong correlation with oxidative stress and has been shown to be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington’s disease and multiple sclerosis . It is now possible to determine the concentration of glutathione in living human brains using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), with multiple MRS studies showing depleted brain glutathione levels in all the major neurodegenerative diseases . Strategies to increase neuronal or brain glutathione as a potential treatment have been proposed by many researchers. However, none of the therapeutic candidates have been successful so far , with the major impediment for most being a failure to cross the blood-brain barrier. As yet, there is no direct evidence to suggest that orally administered Glyteine can reach the human brain . An MRS human clinical study is underway to determine if oral supplementation with Glyteine can increase brain glutathione levels. References BECKMAN, K. B. and B. N. AMES, The Free Radical Theory of Aging Matures. Physiological Reviews, 1998. 78(2): p. 547-581. Lin, M. T. and M. F. Beal, Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature, 2006. 443(7113): p. 787-795. Dringen, R. and J. Hirrlinger, Glutathione pathways in the brain. Biol Chem, 2003. 384(4): p. 505-16. Maher, P. , The effects of... --- The extensive surface area and blood supply in our lungs enables them to provide our bodies with sufficient oxygen for us to generate the energy we need to survive. But this makes our lungs particularly susceptible to injury due to the relatively high concentration of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are produced by our normal metabolism. Beyond this, environmental toxins in the air we breathe, including ozone, nitrogen oxides (from smog), mineral dusts (e. g. silica and asbestos), cigarette smoke and car exhaust, may cause further injury . Our lungs have evolved a complex biochemistry to counter these adverse conditions and glutathione is a key player in our defense mechanisms. However, as we age, or with the progression of persistent health issues, cellular glutathione levels can fall below optimal for maintaining good health . Many lung diseases are associated with glutathione deficiency. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic bronchitis and various viral and bacterial infections . An exaggerated inflammatory response is also implicated during the development of many lung diseases which is further exacerbated by depleted glutathione levels. In the case of cystic fibrosis, a common treatment, nebulized n-acetylcysteine (NAC), helps loosen the mucus that forms in the lungs. This has led some researchers to test NAC in various animal models of inflammatory lung disease. Some have shown partial success, and this is most likely due to NAC’s limited ability to increase glutathione levels... --- Glyteine: The Fastest Way To Boost Your Glutathione Levels Learn More Build Your Immunity and Combat Oxidative stress! Read More Increase Your Cellular Glutathione In A Single Dose! Know More 1 1 Glutathione & Glyteine Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids - glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. Glyteine helps maintain healthy glutathione homeostasis. The Importance of Glutathione Glutathione, the “master antioxidant”, is produced and used in every cell in your body. It is the most powerful antioxidant used by nature to actively fight oxidative stress. All other major antioxidants are dependent on your cells having enough glutathione The Importance of Glyteine Glyteine is your body’s own natural and immediate precursor to glutathione. It is the only nutrient with proven clinical bioavailability to take cellular glutathione well beyond homeostasis level. Glyteine’s role in cellular Glutathione The intracellular concentration of Glyteine is low, allowing it to diffuse into the cell. Once inside the cell, Glyteine is used up immediately to make more glutathione. 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 EXPLORE THE BENEFITS OF RAISING YOUR CELLULAR GLUTATHIONE WITH GLYTEINE Glutathione plays a key role in neutralizing the free radicals that we continuously produce through normal breathing and daily activities. It benefits us in many ways by acting as a powerful and vital antioxidant. Boost your immunity Glutathione is a key player in the immune system, the pathology of infection and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The maintenance of a healthy homeostatic level of cellular glutathione is critical for supporting a healthy immune system. Detoxify your body Glutathione... --- Your Name* Company Name* Your Email* Message* --- ---